War Union
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War Union
The Battle of Gettysburg - the Turning Point of the War
On Independence Day, 1863, the last thing on the minds of most Americans was celebrating freedom. Just outside a small town called Gettysburg, in Adams County, Pennsylvania, almost 50,000 men were casualties of the bloodiest battle of the Civil War, the battle that was soon recognized as the turning point of the war.
Confederate General Robert E. Lee had succeeded in defeating Union General Joseph Hooker's forces at Chancellorsville, Virginia, in May of 1863. Lee and his Army of Northern Virginia had managed to repel an army twice their size. Emboldened by the victory, Lee decided to continue his march north. His goal was Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; if he could make it to Harrisburg, he hoped to continue on to Philadelphia.
Throughout the month of June, Lee's army marched north toward Pennsylvania. The graciousness for which Lee was known was evident during this campaign; he instructed his troops to treat the civilians on the road well, not seizing supplies such as food and horses, but rather paying for them. Several towns such as York, Pennsylvania were made to pay indemnity rather than supply the Confederates.
However, on July 1, 1863, Lee's Army of Northern Virginia met Union General George Meade's forces just outside of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and the battle of Gettysburg began in earnest.
For three days vicious fighting ensued on the hillsides of Gettysburg. Over 165,000 men would converge, and before the fighting ended, the ground would run red with blood. The battle was fierce, and the casualties proved it. But the casualties that resulted would not be in vain, at least for the Union; the formidable power of the Army of Northern Virginia would be stricken a fatal blow, one that they, and the South, would never truly recover from.
To this point, Lee's Army of Northern Virginia had proved itself a foe to be reckoned with; more than once they had turned back troops that outnumbered them significantly. And on the first day of fighting, it seemed that Lee would again be victorious.
By the second day, Lee's advantage disappeared. Meade's Army of the Potomac held their ground, outnumbering the Confederate troops by 20,000. When July 3, the third day of fighting, was over, more than a third of Lee's army would be felled.
It was a much needed victory for the North. Hailed as a Waterloo in the Northern papers, Gettysburg seemed to prove that the Union was more than a match for the Army of Northern Virginia, hailed universally as the most accomplished army of either the Union or the Confederacy.
The defeat was more than stunning for Lee; it shook the confidence of a man admired by Southerners and Northerners alike to the core. Still recovering from the recent death of his beloved General Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson, whom Lee referred to as his "right arm," Lee seemed more than dejected by the loss at Gettysburg; he was stricken. He knew now how important Jackson had been to the Confederacy, and how crippled the Army of Northern Virginia was without Jackson.
"It's my fault," Lee was heard to say after the battle of Gettysburg. He blamed himself for the loss, and he was not entirely mistaken; his decision on the third day of battle to pitch a massive frontal assault on the center of the Union line, known as Pickett's Charge, resulted in horrific casualties that paralyzed the Confederate troops.
Lee's conviction that his orders had resulted in the heavy casualties - casualties the Confederate troops, already outnumbered, could hardly afford - drove him to send a letter of resignation to Confederate President Jefferson Davis, a resignation that was rejected.
Lee's official resignation may have been denied, but his own resignation was obvious; the Army of Northern Virginia never again mounted an offensive attack on the U.S. Forces, nor did they ever attempt any capture of Northern territory on the scale of the Gettysburg campaign. The glorious reputation of the Army of Northern Virginia as invincible was tarnished permanently, and the Union's ultimate victory was only a matter of time.
About the Author
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Why did the confederates slow down the union in Chickamauga the war?
i have this project to do and i have no clue why the confederates slowed down the union when the union was on there way to Georgia and then they started war. Can u answer my question?
Well, the union was not "on there [sic] way to Georgia and then they started war." The American Civil War had been raging for two and a half years by the time the Battle of Chickamauga took place 18 to 20 September, 1863 between the Union Army of The Cumberland under William Rosecrans and the Confederate Army of Tennessee, under Braxton Bragg. Rosecrans advanced from Chattanooga with the aim of capturing Atlanta, Georgia and splitting the Confederacy in two.
The two armies clashed along the banks of Chickmauga Creek a few miles south of Chattanooga, in northern Georgia.
On the third day of the battle (Sep. 20th), during an attack by the Confederates, there was some confusion in the Union army as to where some of the units were positioned, leading Rosecrans to believe that there was a gap in his lines through which the rebels could attack and split his army in two.
Rosecrans ordered a division to pull out of their current position and move to fill in this gap. It turned out that there had been no gap where Rosecrans had thought there was, but in pulling out that one division, he had opened up a real one.
The confederates had just begun an attack on that part of the line and when the hole opened up they poured through and closed in on the flanks of the union forces on either side.
The end result was a rout of the union army all the way back to Chattanooga. The only thing that saved the union army was the action of Major General George Thomas, who held back ferocious rebel attacks long enough for the union army to get away.
This was one of the very few confederate victories in the Western Theater of the war and the only major victory of an army under the command of Braxton Bragg, a quarrelsome and incompetant general who in reality had little to do with how it turned out.
Psycho Realm - Pico Union District - A War Story Book 1